Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus
| Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus | |
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| Variety: | P. semiovatus var. semiovatus
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| Trinomial name | |
| Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus Fr. (Lundell)
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| Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus | |
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| Gills on hymenium | |
| Cap is convex | |
| Hymenium is adnexed | |
| Stipe has a ring | |
| Spore print is black | |
| Ecology is saprotrophic | |
| Edibility is inedible | |
Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus, also known as P. semiovatus and Anellaria separata, and commonly known as the ringed panaeolus,[1][a] is a medium-sized buff-colored mushroom with black spores that grows on dung.
Description
The cap is up to 9 centimetres (3+1⁄2 in) across, light tan then buff to whitish. It is oval then conical or parabolic.[1] It is sticky when wet and often wrinkles when dry. The stem is up to 18 cm (7 in) long and 12 mm thick,[1] solid and smooth, with an annulus (ring) that is white, but often blackened by falling spores. The gills are adnexed, being wider in the middle, and narrowing at both ends; they are brown to black. The flesh is white, or straw-colored.[2][3] The spore print is black.[1]
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Wild Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus
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P. semiovatus var. semiovatus on horse manure
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Close up of cap and gills with black spores
Similar species
The very similar P. semiovatus var. phalaenarum (Fr.) Ew. Gerhardt. 1996 syn. P. phalaenarum (Bull.) Quel. is more slender (cap 2–4 cm) and lacks the ring.[4]
Habitat and distribution
The species grows on horse dung.[1] It is widely distributed and is present in many temperate zones of the world.
Edibility
Though nonpoisonous,[5] it is generally regarded as inedible and possessing a rather abysmal taste.[6] It has been unreliably rumored to have psilocybin properties.[1] Some people experience gastric upset after consumption.
See also
References
Footnotes
- ^ Other common names include shiny mottlegill, common fungus of the feces variety, and egghead mottlegill.
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1.
- ^ Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
- ^ Thomas Laessoe (1998). Mushrooms (flexi bound). Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7513-1070-0.
- ^ Marcel Bon (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North Western Europe. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-39935-X.
- ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
- ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 236. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
Further reading
- Stamets, Paul (1996). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-9610798-0-0.