Nymphaea subg. Lotos

Nymphaea subg. Lotos
Botanical illustration of Nymphaea lotus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nymphaea
Subgenus:
Type species
Nymphaea lotus L.[1][2]
Species

See here

Nymphaea subg. Lotos is a subgenus of the genus Nymphaea.[3][2][4]

Description

Stamens of Nymphaea rubra without sterile apical appendage
Leaf of Nymphaea rubra with dentate margin

Vegetative characteristics

The rhizomes are short, vertical, and tuberous.[2] The pubescent leaves[5] have a dentate[2][5] crenate, or serrate margin.[5]

Generative characteristics

The blue,[6] white, cream, yellow, magenta, or pink,[5] nocturnal or diurnal, emergent flowers[2] extend up to 20 cm above the water surface.[5] The stamens do not have sterile appendages at the apex.[2]

Cytology

In Nymphaea pubescens and Nymphaea lotus, the chromosome count is 2n = 56. They are tetraploid species.[7]

Taxonomy

Publication

It was published as Nymphaea sect. Lotos DC. by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1821. Later, it was elevated to the subgenus Nymphaea subgen. Lotos (DC.) Conard published by Henry Shoemaker Conard in 1905.[3][1]

Type species

The type species is Nymphaea lotus L.[2]

Species

Fossil record

Fossils from the upper Oligocene (28.4–23.0 million years ago) of France have been assigned to Nymphaea subg. Lotos.[8] It is also known from the Rupelian (33.9 – 27.82 Ma) of Bad Häring, Austria.[10]

Distribution

It is native to the paleotropis.[2]

Ecology

Pollination

Beetle pollination by Ruteloryctes morio has been reported in Nymphaea subg. Lotos.[16][17][18]

References

  1. ^ a b Nymphaea sect. Lotos | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved January 23, 2024, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77303556-1
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h null. Nymphaea subg. Lotos, in (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Nymphaea%20subg.%20Lotos [Date Accessed: 24 January 2024]
  3. ^ a b Nymphaea subgen. Lotos | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved January 23, 2024, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77303970-1
  4. ^ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomygenus?type=subgenus&id=18560. Accessed 11 December 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e Pellegrini, M. O. O. & Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. (n.d.-f). Nymphaea L. Flora E Funga Do Brasil. Retrieved February 28, 2025, from https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB10936
  6. ^ Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2025). Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Nymphaea nouchali var. petersiana. Retrieved March 1, 2025, from https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=123470
  7. ^ Pellicer, J., Kelly, L. J., Magdalena, C., & Leitch, I. J. (2013). Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies). Genome, 56(8), 437-449.
  8. ^ a b Butzmann, R., & Fischer, T. C. (2013). "Fossil water lily fruits with seeds Nymphaea subgenus Lotos, from the Oligocene of Armissan/Narbonne (France)." Zitteliana, 93-104.
  9. ^ Gee, C. T., & Taylor, D. W. (2016). Aquatic macrophytes from the upper Oligocene fossillagerstätte of Rott (Rhineland, Germany). Part II: A new fossil leaf species of Nymphaea (subgenus Lotos), N. elisabethae Gee et David W. Taylor sp. nov.
  10. ^ a b Butzmann, R., Fischer, T. C., & Rieber, E. (2009). Makroflora aus dem inneralpinen Fächerdelta der Häring-Formation (Rupelium) vom Duxer Köpfl bei Kufstein/Unterinntal, Österreich. Zitteliana, 129-163.
  11. ^ a b c d Löhne, C., Yoo, M. J., Borsch, T., Wiersema, J., Wilde, V., Bell, C. D., ... & Soltis, P. S. (2008). Biogeography of Nymphaeales: extant patterns and historical events. Taxon, 57(4), 1123-19E.
  12. ^ Roestel, J. A., Wiersema, J. H., Jansen, R. K., Borsch, T., & Gruenstaeudl, M. (2024). On the importance of sequence alignment inspections in plastid phylogenomics–an example from revisiting the relationships of the water‐lilies. Cladistics.
  13. ^ Borsch, T., Hilu, K. W., Wiersema, J. H., Löhne, C., Barthlott, W., & Wilde, V. (2007). Phylogeny of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae): evidence from substitutions and microstructural changes in the chloroplast trnT-trnF region. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 168(5), 639-671.
  14. ^ Dkhar, J., Kumaria, S., Rao, S. R., & Tandon, P. (2010). Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomic reassessment of four Indian representatives of the genus Nymphaea. Aquatic Botany, 93(2), 135-139.
  15. ^ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=415902. Accessed 2 March 2025.
  16. ^ Hirthe, G., & Porembski, S. (2003). Pollination of Nymphaea lotus (Nymphaeaceae) by rhinoceros beetles and bees in the northeastern Ivory Coast. Plant Biology, 5(06), 670-676.
  17. ^ Ervik, F., & Knudsen, J. T. (2003). Water lilies and scarabs: faithful partners for 100 million years?. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 80(3), 539-543.
  18. ^ Krell, F. T., Hirthe, G., Seine, R., & Porembski, S. (2003). Rhinoceros beetles pollinate water lilies in Africa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae; Magnoliidae: Nymphaeaceae). Ecotropica, 9(1/2), 103-106.
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